Billionaires with $1 salaries – and other legal tax dodges the ultrawealthy use to keep their riches

By: Ray Madoff, Boston College, The Conversation

Outlets: The Conversation

Published: December 17, 2025

Words: 1,370

Last Updated: 3 weeks, 4 days ago

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By Ray Madoff, Boston College

Ray Madoff, a Boston College law professor, has written a new book: “The Second Estate: How the Tax Code Made an American Aristocracy.” She recently spoke to Kara Miller, host of the podcast “It Turns Out,” about how the American tax system has changed over the past 40 years, widening inequality. Below is a condensed and edited version of the interview.

Miller: Mark Zuckerberg was the …

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