We analyzed paper money printed by Ben Franklin to uncover his anti‑counterfeiting techniques and materials innovations

Ben Franklin led an effort to print paper bills in the American colonies, after a coin shortage constrained the economy.

By: Khachatur Manukyan, University of Notre Dame, The Conversation

Outlets: The Conversation

Published: June 4, 2026

Words: 1,250

Last Updated: 1 month, 2 weeks ago

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By Khachatur Manukyan, University of Notre Dame

Benjamin Franklin understood something fundamental about money that still shapes modern economies: Money only works when people believe it is real.

In the early 18th century, the British colonies suffered from a chronic shortage of gold and silver coins, forcing local governments to rely on paper bills for trade and everyday commerce. But paper currency created a dangerous new problem: Unlike metallic coins, paper money could …

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